Life After This Blog Post

I juts finished writing my letter to my future self and I am curious as to what I said to myself last year. I think that it will be different though because I have changed from the last time I wrote this letter.

I Can Read

Here is a link to my recording of Fox In Sox Fox In Sox Recording

Literature Novel A Tale of Two Cities Vocabulary

epoch-a period of time in history or a person's life
superlative-of the highest quality or degree
mutinous-refusing to obey the orders of a person in authority 
substratum-an underlying layer or substance, in particular, a layer of rock or soil beneath the surface of the ground 
Inexorable-impossible to stop or prevent
flourishing-developing rapidly and successfully; thriving
claret-a red wine from Bordeaux, or wine of a similar character made elsewhere
indignantly-in an indignant manner
abundant-existing or available in large quantities; plentiful
cadaverous-resembling a corpse in being very pale, thin, or bony.
engendered-cause or give rise to (a feeling, situation, or condition)
intently-with earnest and eager attention
salutation-a gesture or utterance made as a greeting or acknowledgment of another's arrival or departure
haggard-looking exhausted and unwell, esp. from fatigue, worry, or suffering
monsieur-a title or form of address used of or to a French-speaking man, corresponding to Mr. or sir

extemporise-compose, perform, or produce something such as music or a speech without preparation; improvise

debauchery-excessive indulgence in sensual pleasures. 

maligned-speak about (someone) in a spitefully critical manner

incumbent-necessary for (someone) as a duty or responsibility

impediments-a hindrance or obstruction in doing something

propensities-an inclination or natural tendency to behave in a particular way
dexterously-with dexterity; in a dexterous manner
relapses-suffer deterioration after a period of improvement.
flambeau-a flaming torch, esp. one made of several thick wicks dipped in wax
cathedral-the principal church of a diocese, with which the bishop is officially associated
perturbation-anxiety; mental uneasiness
commencement- a beginning or start
palpable-able to be touched or felt

Literature Analysis #3

 A Tale of Two Cities

The theme of A Tale of Two Cities is that Darnay and Lucie have fallen in love with one another and have a child. They are separated for about 5 years and still feel the same way with each other when Darney is released. Unfortunately Darnay is sent back to prison but Carton switches with Darnay so he can live his life with Lucie.
The authors tone is hope. An example is when Darnay is sent to prison again and is called upon to be executed. Dickens wants the reader to have hope that Darnay will somehow be released to be back with his wife. The tone can also be that love will always find a way.
Conflict-An example is when Darnay gets arrested for the second time.
Symbolism- An example is France and London. This is were the book takes place and they symbolize the revolution going on in the book.
Indirect Characterization-An example is that Darney is not his real name, he has another name as well. This is showing that he has secretes that the others do not know about.
Indirect Characterization-An example is when Marquis is found dead after talking to Darnay. This shows that Darnay may have killed him because he had talked to him the night before.
Direct Characterization-Miss Poss and Lorry destroy and burn the shoemakers table. This shows that the two of them do not like what is going on with the "shoemaker"
Yes, the authors diction and syntax change when he focuses on a certain character because Dickens does this to create a different sense of tone for the character he is on.
No after reading the book I did not come away feeling like I met a character in the book.

Practice Essay Final

     There is a peculiar object that you have just scene for the first time and do not know what it is. You become skeptical and want to know more about it. In The Allegory of the Cave one of the cave prisoners takes a chance to see the world for what it is and is shocked in what new object he sees. In No Exit Estella discovers the same object but is not surprised to see what it is.
     The cave prisoner in The Allegory of the Cave takes his first steps in the real world and discovers something new. He is in complete surprise and we see this through indirect characterization. This is because the cave prisoner has only been able to see shadows and a wall for all of his life. However when Estelle discovers the new object for the first time she is not surprised at all. This is because she has lived in the real world already and has discovered new objects all the time.
     The theme in both pieces is similar though. The theme is will you take the chance to explore if the opportunity comes? In The Allegory of the Cave one of the cave prisoners does take the chance to explore and discover something new. However when he discovers the new objects in the world he is in shock. When Estella has the opportunity to leave she doesn't take it. This is because she doesn't want to go back to her old life and discover something new anymore.
     You will experience something new and peculiar in your lifetime. It is up to you to take the opportunity if the door is open. Both Sartre and Plato put their characters into this situation and they handle it in different ways that best suit them.

Thinking Outside the Box

"No Exit" Questions

1. My hell is equipped like Dante's Inferno with different levels of being tortured. Yes, the hell in the mind can be in a beautiful place because you can be in a peaceful surrounding but be thinking about all the terrible things that your regret. There is always time for peace, it is up to YOU to find it.

2. Yes, hell is always without a break because you are always trying to overcome something.

3. Satre creates a sense of place by describing the wall and the passage. No, I can;t imagine what it feels like to stay awake all the time with the lights on. Garcin acts scared about this hell because he keeps referring to the light and how it is always on. I can twist things around to make my life hell by simply putting what I have in an order that will upset me and torture me.

Plato and Sartre

Both Plato and Sarte seem to have there characters as prisoner with only one way to leave. The cave in The Allegory of the cave and the room in No Exit seem to symbolize a prison. Both the characters in each title have the opportunity to leave but do not. They can choose to leave when they want to in the Allegory of the Cave and in No Exit the door opens and nobody takes the chance to leave and be free. Both authors also play tricks with the characters minds. In The Allegory of the Cave Plato uses imagery such as shadows and flames to create a picture in the prisoners heads. In No exit Sarte plays tricks by setting the characters up with each other. They all just argue and seem to not like each other and get on each others nerves. If you think about it both Plato and Sarte see hell as a boring place were you do not want to be

Allegory of the Cave Sonnet

The cave may not be the place to be
It is like a prison if you think about it.
If you are open minded you will see
That you are being sucked in like a mitt.
They are forced to stare at a wall
And see the shadows of those who know.
There is only one way to get out
You must want to leave and go
One has the courage to explore
You discover that it is great
And do not want to hold it it anymore
Your friends do not understand and you feel pain
Now you feel alone
Without a home.

Brain With [12] Legs

The plan to complete A Tale of Two Cities is like this. We will each read individually and discuss what we read with each other in class.If anyone has any questions he/she can ask and we will talk about it and then move onto the next one.

Plato's Allegory of the Cave

1. According to Socrates, what does the Allegory of the Cave represent? 
The Allegory of the cave represents a prison. It also represents torture. This is because the three prisoners are being chained there like animals and just watching there own shadows.
 
2. What are the key elements in the imagery used in the allegory?
The key elements in the imagery used in the allegory are the fire in the back as well as the shadows and chains.

3. What are some things the allegory suggests about the process of enlightenment or education? Some things about education is that it won't work. For example it says that Professors of education are wrong about putting knowledge into a soul that's not their. It's like trying to give sight into a blind eye.
 
4. What do the imagery of "shackles" and the "cave" suggest about the perspective of the cave dwellers or prisoners? The imagery of shackles is that shackles are used in prisons and they are used to keep the men looking forward. The cave is also like a prison because it is were the men stayed shackled to. 
 
5. In society today or in your own life, what sorts of things shackle the mind? Not having a job or not having enough money shackles all of us I would believe because those two things are a huge deal and can cause a lot of stress on most of us.
 
6. Compare the perspective of the freed prisoner with the cave prisoners?
The cave prisoners and the freed prisoners have both similarities and differences. They are similar because they were both prisoners at one time or another and they are different because one has seen the light and the outside world while the cave prisoners have only known shadows and sounds.

7. According to the allegory, lack of clarity or intellectual confusion can occur in two distinct ways or contexts. What are they?
One way confusion can be scene is that when one of the prisoners sees the sun for the first time he goes back to tell his friends and they do not understand what is going on. They just see what they have always seen and leave their friend confused as to why they don't understand him. Another is that you will not be able to accept the truth for what it really is.
 
8. According to the allegory, how do cave prisoners get free? What does this suggest about intellectual freedom?
The Cave Prisoners become free by wanting to know what is going on in the outside world.
 
9. The allegory presupposes that there is a distinction between appearances and reality. Do you agree? Why or why not?
Yes, I agree with this because in the cave they were chained and could only imagine about the new world and when they finally got to reality it was like something they have never seen before and were in aw. 
 
10. If Socrates is incorrect in his assumption that there is a distinction between reality and appearances, what are the two alternative metaphysical assumptions?
I do not think that Socrates is wrong because there is a distinction between reality ad appearances.

We Hang Together

Interdependence/Competitive
Coke/Pepsi keep each other in business
Strategic Alliance
     Must make jointly decisions
Survival of interdependence
     Trust is important
     Charles Darwin said "Survival of the Fittest"
Interdependence
     Can't do things to the best of your ability alone. You do best when working together
Strategic Alliance
     Trust is key
We come together when we need to
     An example is after 9.11
The market place wear everything comes together

A Poetic Inquiry

I have changed my Big Question a little bit. It is now why do people change or why do they want to change. While searching for a Sonnet to relate to this I found Sonnet 29 from Shakespeare's Sonnets.

Sonnet 29

When in disgrace with fortune and men's eyes
I all alone beweep my outcast state,
And trouble deaf heaven with my bootless cries,
And look upon myself, and curse my fate,
Wishing me like to one more rich in hope,
Featured like him, like him with friends possessed,
Desiring this man's art, and that man's scope,
With what I most enjoy contented least;
Yet in these thoughts my self almost despising,
Haply I think on thee, and then my state,
Like to the lark at break of day arising
From sullen earth, sings hymns at heaven's gate;
   For thy sweet love remembered such wealth brings
   That then I scorn to change my state with kings.

When, in disgrace with fortune and men's eyes,	When I’ve fallen out of favor with fortune and men,
I all alone beweep my outcast state	All alone I weep over my position as a social outcast,
And trouble deaf heaven with my bootless cries	And pray to heaven, but my cries go unheard,
And look upon myself and curse my fate,	And I look at myself, cursing my fate,
Wishing me like to one more rich in hope,	Wishing I were like one who had more hope,
Featured like him, like him with friends possess'd,	Wishing I looked like him; wishing I were surrounded by friends,
Desiring this man's art and that man's scope,	Wishing I had this man's skill and that man's freedom.
With what I most enjoy contented least;	I am least contented with what I used to enjoy most.
Yet in these thoughts myself almost despising,	But, with these thoughts – almost despising myself,
Haply I think on thee, and then my state,	I, by chance, think of you and then my melancholy
Like to the lark at break of day arising	Like the lark at the break of day, rises
From sullen earth, sings hymns at heaven's gate;	From the dark earth and (I) sing hymns to heaven;
For thy sweet love remember'd such wealth brings	For thinking of your love brings such happiness
That then I scorn to change my state with kings.	That then I would not change my position in life with kings.

Sonnet Analysis #1

Hycoo is 5 lines followed by 7 lines then 5 lines again.
     Japan
Octet is one set of 8 lines followed by 6 lines.
Sonnet
    Composed of 14 lines.
    Three sections of 4 lines followed by a couplet of 2 lines. 

Hamlet Remix

 
 


Here is a Prezi that should clarify everything.
Hamlet Prezi Remix

Hamlet Essay

     Hamlet is a unique character and knows how to control himself in different situations. However, Hamlet's way of speaking constitutes actions in itself. Hamlet's use of words impacts the story and himself tremendously because his words mean so much and we are only seeing what he wants us to know.
     Hamlet's speaking encounters the characters in the play the same. For example, when Hamlet is speaking with his uncle and mother in the First Act his use of words make everything seem well and the characters know that it is because of his recent loss. As the play progresses Hamlet's use of words change and it causes the characters to believe he has gone insane and they do not know the cause of it. Hamlet has used his speaking to the best of his ability and has gotten inside everyone's head.
     The plot in the play is the same throughout the play. Once Hamlet discovers his Uncle has killed his Father his goal is to kill his Uncle and avenge his fathers death. The use of words in Hamlet's soliloquies help the reader understand Hamlet's goal and plot more. Hamlet's encounters with Horatio also show how the plot is the same because Hamlet trust Horatio and asks him to do small tasks for him like watching his Uncle's reactions during the play.
     Self Overhearing is used a lot by Hamlet and I do this as well. The difference between the way I use it and Hamlet uses it is huge. This is because Hamlet talks about a lot of negative things such as killing his Uncle. Hamlet does nothing about this and just continues to go on and on about his plan. When I am self overhearing I am not negative I am positive. An example is when I tell myself I am going to go and help out with my friends baseball team but don't go because I have school work or something else to do.
     Hamlet is a complex character and the use of his speaking change the play constantly. He can be calm on minute and then be like a completely different person the next minute. This is all part of his plan to destroy his Uncle for his crime.

Tools that change the way we think

The use of technology changes the way we think because it has allowed us to see how others think as well. Before I began using technology to learn I would have to rely on books and what other people said. These are good resources but the use of technology has allowed all of us to expand are searching and receive more information than ever before. Now that I use technology I am ale to communicate with my colleges more and it is good to because you can post something whenever you want and you can go back and make things better at anytime.

The Performative Utterance In Hamlet

1. Hamlet talks but does not do
2. How to do Things With Words by J.L. Austin
   People use statements to describe reality
3. Characters are developed though "Self Overhearing"
4. "Self Overhearing" because Shakespeare's plays were done in front of an audience
5. Hamlet swears to remember, not to avenge
6./7. Hollow Per formative act is the power of emotion
8./9. The play is to hide Hamlet's murderous intent
10. Wants the players to act a certain way to get his point across
11. You are "Pretending" to do a lot of things
12. Polonyious sees Hamlet's act of madness as a madness-in-fact
13./14. Father's death brings out Hamlet's madness and he can use that to learn more about himself
15. Hamlet role can be to mourne, to learn, or to take the throne
16. Claudius is trapped by Hamlet
17. Claudius's prayers are done correctly
18. Claudius can forsake things from his brother's death
19. The conclusion of the play is a duel
20. Hamlet physically realizes his long delayed revenge

Thoughts On Hamlet (In Progress)

My thoughts have changed about Hamlet from the time we started reading it to wear we are now. In the beginning I thought that it was going to very hard and challenging but it is not as bad as people set it out to be. Hamlet is a very unique character. At first I thought that he was a calm person but his actions and thoughts have brought out a new side of him that nobody saw coming. He has come insane to some people and the other characters are trying to figure out why. I think that the play will end with Hamlet killing his Uncle in front of everyone because he can't hold in his rage forever.

To Be or Not to Be...

to be or not to be

Above is my speech on to be or not to be from Hamlet. I have not memorized it all, but  have given it my best shot.

What I Think About When I Think About Act III

All lot of things happen in Act III of Hamlet.

Hamlet's two friends Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are talking to the king and queen and are told to continue with there investigation on Hamlet.
Hamlet reveals his plan about the play with Horatio and asks him to look at his Uncle's reaction.
During the play Hamlet's Uncle gets mad and stops the play from finishing.
Hamlet and his Mother are talking and Hamlet accidentally kills Polonyious because he is hiding behind the drapes. 

Dear Ophelia

A Prince has said that he loves you and your brother and father do not like him. You should get more information and see if he truly does like you. If he does you must follow your heart and go be with what seems right to you. But remember that family is important and you must not loose them.

Literary Fiction & Empathy

Reading fiction can help you understand others because you can make up a character and pretend to have it be the one you are trying to know more about.

What I Meant To Say Was

In The Canterbury Tales Chaucer satires the peoples way of life and writes them into characters stories. The use of subject matter, tone and characterization forms his writing style.

Green Eggs & Hamlet

A. I know nothing about Hamlet. I have heard of the writing before but am not sure about it.
B. I know that Shakespeare wrote Romeo and Juliet.
C. Students do not like when they here Shakespeare because his writing is usually long and wordy. It is also hard to understand.
D. I am not sure how to make studying this more fun. I think we should discuss this in class to get an opinion from everyone.

Vocabulary #7/ End of Journey

Shenanigans- Mischief 

Ricochet- The motion of an object or a projectile in rebounding
 
Schism- Division

Eschew- To keep way from

Plethora- Overabundance

Ebullient- High spirited

Garrulous- Excessively talkative in a rambling

Harangue- A scolding or a long or intense verbal attack

Interdependence- The quality or condition of being interdependent
 
Capricious- Subject to, led by, or indicative of a sudden, odd notion or unpredictable change
 
Loquacious- Talkative 

Ephemeral- Lasting a very short time

Inchoate- Not yet completed 

Juxtapose- To place side by side

Perspicacious- Having keen mental perception and understanding
 
Codswallop- Nonsense 

Mungo- A low-grade wool from felted rags
 
Sesquipedelian- Given to using long words

Wonky- Unsteady

Dipthong- An unsegmentable, gliding speech sound varying continuously in phonetic quality but held to be a single sound or phoneme and identified by its apparent beginning and ending sound

 I am glad that I left with everyone at the station because we have started on a great journey together. We have decided to go to the institute together. From there we would discover what happens next. The journey took 3 days to get there and we each took turns driving so that way there was no lost time. 
Something very strange occurred when we arrived at the institute. There was nobody at the gate to let us in. I thought it was codswallop because you would think someone would be there. The minute we go out of the car Hingle Mcringleberry, Quatro Quatro, and Sequester Migriclle M.D. were up to there usual Shenanigans. We went inside the facility and discovered again that no one was there. In the office we saw that it was filled with sand and camel drawings. It took us several hours and then the Scholar finally figured out what the drawings meant. We were to find a camel and it will show us the way. In the back or the lot there were dozens of camels there and the minute we sat on one they took off towards the ocean. The ride was Ephemeral because we did not walk that far before we stopped at the ocean. We borrowed the boat that that was there and Quatro Quatro shot a gun and the bullet Ricochet the steal frame and put a hole in the boat. We had to think fast and decided to patch it with mungo. After going for about a week with no end in sight we reached land. When we got off the boat the camels just disappeared and we learned that we have reached are destination. The scholar had announced that we had arrived in Egypt.

If I Just Had More Time

I could have prepared better and more efficiently if I would have started to study weeks before instead of just a week. But I think I did well on the essay and vocab part. I only had time to write down so many vocab words because I had to manage my time and write my essay as well.

Literature Analysis #2

David Copperfield, by Charles Dickens

1. In the beginning of David Copperfield David is a happy child who lives with his mother and servant Miss Peggotty. All of this changes once David's mother marries a man by the name of Mr. Murdstone. As the story progresses David is not happy anymore because he is constantly getting beaten by his step father. As the story comes to an end David is happy once again.

2. The theme of David Copperfield is that a boy named David is trying to grow up but is constantly changing from happy to sad throughout the book.

3. Charles Dickens tone towards David is that he wants you to feel sorry for him. An example is that he is getting beaten by his step father and can't do anything about it." Dickens also wants you to feel happy for David as well. An example is when he meets a girl named Emily. This is giving him a friend that he can finally spend some time with.

4. Literature Elements/ Techniques

   1. Indirect Characterization- An example is when Mr. Murdstone decides to said David to a Private school in London. This shows me that Mr. Murdstone wants to set David straight so that way he can finally become a good boy.

    2. Indirect Characterization- Another example is when David's Aunt and Mr. Dick become his legal guardians and Mr. Murdstone doesn't do a thing about it. This is showing me that he wants nothing to do with David.

    3. Allusion- An example is when David meets Emily for the first time. This is an allusion because I beleive that something more will come from them in the future. (I was write because they did get married for a time in the book but then broke up.)

    4. Symbolism- Mr. Murdstone symbolizes evil. Mr. Murdstone symbolizes evil because ever since the very beginning he has made David uncomfortable and scared.

    5. Symbolism- Another example is Peggotty. Peggotty symbolizes goodness and kindness. She is especially like this with David because she basically helped him grow up and was with him as best as she could be during the hard times. 

    6. Protagonist- The protagonist is David because he is just a boy and needs to be treated better and finds a way to survive it all and become a grown man. 

    7. Antagonist- The antagonist is Mr. Murdstone and hos sister Miss Murdstone. The two of them together are a mean force because they only care about themselves and what they think is right.

    8. Imagery- An example of imagery is when Charles describes David receiving his beating and how red his face is. You can only imagine the pain that the young boy is feeling. 

    9. Conflict- An example of conflict is when David marries Emily and they begin to argue hours after getting married. This is a problem because you are to be happy when married and not fighting.

    10. Diction and Syntax- This helped me understand everything because as Charles wrote you could feel how he wanted you to be with each character.

Characterization 

1. Direct Characterization- One example of Direct Characterization is when David's face is red and he is crying from the beatings. This is showing us that he is in pain. 

2. Yes, the author uses diction and syntax when focusing on different characters because for David he wants you to be on his side and when he goes to another character like Mr. Murdstone he wants you to feel how angry he really is.

3. David is a dynamic character because he has many changes throughout the story and he changes from happy to sad constantly. He is also a round character because you can tell everything about David throughout the story. You know his emotions and thoughts. 

4. I did come out feeling like I met David because he has gone through hard times but still managed to be ok.

Tale Of A Canterbury Tale

I am working in a group with Ian Steller, Lesther Valenzuela, Danny Luu, and Miranda Nillo. I am in charge of pages 228-285 in The Physician's Tale. Please go to their blogs and search Tale Of A Canterbury Tale to find there research.

The Physician's Tale

The daughter wanted to die before she was given shame.

Her head was cut off and brought to the judge.

The physician was exiled from the village.

Forsake sin or for sin you'll be forsaken.
     This is indirect characterization because it is saying that you will be hurt by your sins if you just forget about them. 

Character Study (III)

It has been almost three years since that mission went wrong. I am no longer with the service and live on my own. I stop every morning at the station to grab a small bite to eat. One day was very peculiar though. There were four people eating there and I have never seen them their before. There was a warrior, a London Spy, a Scholar, and a Sage. They looked like very serious people but seemed to be having a lot of fun as well. They asked me to come and sit with them so I said to myself why not, It can't hurt me.
I grew on these people very quickly and we decided to leave. Before we got out of the station there were three men who came inside and there names are Hingle Mcringleberry, Quatro Quatro, and Sequester Migriclle M.D. They looked like they could be of use so we asked them to tag along with us and we left the station.

Character Study (II)

"I have eyes on target, permission to engage?"
"Permission granted."
"Copy that, engaging."
Boom! An explosion went off sending me flying off the rig and I lost conscientiousness. I woke up three hours later miles down the river and was wondering what went wrong. My radio is down and I have no other way to contact my team. I assume that they are dead from the explosion. I set up a small camp got ready to move at first day light. The only way I think we were found is that somebody on the inside sold us out. I began to walk through the dense forest and I hear a rustle in the trees....

Canterbury Tales (I)

Chaucer- unknown birth date - Married - Son
     Finished 24/120 Tales
Poem
Writing for the cominors
Lived with different types of people and worked for a mercahant/ clerk
     Allowed him to read papers about people and how they lived
Fiction
About people
English writing and language

Character Study (I)

My fictional character is a Navy Seal. He has all of the skills needed to survive in any situation. He is carrying his normal equipment and is ready.

Netvibes

So I tried setting up Netvibes and it was a fail. I created my account and then I couldn't figure out how to do anything else. I played with it for about 15 minutes and got no where.

Vocabulary #6

Obsequious- servilely compliant or deferential

Beatitude- Supreme blessedness; exalted happiness

Bete noire- A person or thing that one particularly dislikes or dreads 

Bode- To be an omen of; portend

Dank- Unpleasantly moist or humid; damp and, often, chilly

Ecumenical- Pertaining to the whole Christian church 


Fervid- heated or vehement in spirit

Fetid- Having an offensive odor; stinking
 
Gargantuan- Gigantic 

Heyday- The stage or period of greatest vigor, strength, success, etc.; prime

Incubus- An imaginary demon or evil spirit supposed to descend upon sleeping persons

Infrastructure- The basic, underlying framework or features of a system or organization.  
 
Inveigle- To entice, lure

Kudos- Honor; glory
 
Lagniappe- A tip

Prolix- Long and wordy

Protege- A person under the patronage, protection

Prototype- The original model

Sycophant- A self-seeking, servile flatterer; fawning parasite
 
Tautology- Needless repetition of an idea

Truckle- To submit or yield obsequiously or tamely

Accolade- Any award, honor, or laudatory notice

Acerbity- Harshness or severity, as of temper or expression

Attrition- A reduction or decrease in numbers 

Bromide- A platitude or trite saying  

Chauvinist- A person who is aggressively and blindly patriotic 


Chronic-Constant

Expound- Explain or interpret 
 

Factionalism- Practice or method uniting into an organization

Immaculate- Free from spot or stain

Imprecation- The act of imprecating; cursing

Ineluctable- Inescapable

Mercurial- changeable
 
Palliate- To relieve or lessen without curing 

Protocol- Procedure 

 
Resplendent- Shining brilliantly


Stigmatize- To set some mark of disgrace or infamy upon

Sub rosa- Secretly 

Vainglory- Excessive pride over ones achievements

Vestige-  A mark, trace, or visible evidence of something that is no longer present or in existence

Volition- The act of willing